Whether you’re caring for a loved one at home or stepping in during a medical emergency, knowing how to use a suction machine can make all the difference. Clearing airways safely is essential for comfort and, sometimes, even survival.
People often feel unsure handling this device outside hospital settings, yet its proper use is surprisingly straightforward. In this article, you’ll find step-by-step instructions, practical tips, and key safety insights to use a suction machine with confidence and care.
Related Video
Understanding How to Use a Suction Machine
A suction machine is a vital medical device used to remove mucus, saliva, blood, or other secretions from a person’s airway. This helps keep the airway clear, making breathing easier, especially for individuals who have difficulty clearing these fluids on their own due to illness, surgery, or other medical conditions.
Many people use suction machines at home, in clinical settings, or during emergencies. Understanding how to operate one safely and effectively is crucial for patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals alike.
What Is a Suction Machine and When Is It Used?
A suction machine, also known as an aspirator, is a device that uses mild vacuum pressure to draw out unwanted secretions from the mouth, throat, or trachea. There are various types, including portable and stationary units. Portable models are preferred for home care and emergencies due to their compact size.
Common Situations to Use a Suction Machine:
- Difficulty swallowing or coughing up secretions due to neurological disorders, injury, or illness
- Maintaining a clear airway post-surgery
- Managing conditions like pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, or ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
- Clearing the airway for individuals with tracheostomy or ventilator support
Essential Parts of a Suction Machine
Before using a suction machine, familiarize yourself with the key components:
- Vacuum Pump: The part that creates suction
- Collection Canister: Collects the fluids removed from the airway
- Tubing: Connects canister to the suction tip or catheter
- Suction Catheter/Tip: The piece placed in the mouth, nose, or tracheostomy
- Power Source: Usually electric, rechargeable battery, or manual
Understanding each part helps ensure safe and effective use.
Step-by-Step Guide: Using a Suction Machine Safely
Operating a suction machine may seem daunting at first, but following these clear steps can make the process manageable and safe, whether you’re using the device at home or in a clinical setting.
1. Preparation
Before using the suction machine, you must:
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to prevent infection.
- Assemble all the parts: connect the tubing to the collection canister, and attach the suction tip or catheter.
- Ensure the collection canister is empty and the machine is clean.
- Turn the machine on and set the suction pressure. For adults, the usual range is 80–120 mmHg; for children, 60–100 mmHg. Ask your healthcare provider for recommendations.
- Gather any supplies needed, such as extra catheters, gloves, tissues, or water for rinsing.
2. Position the Person Correctly
Proper positioning is key to effective suctioning:
- Have the person sit up or lie with the head turned to the side (if possible), to prevent aspiration.
- Support the head and neck for added comfort and safety.
3. Suctioning the Airway
Follow these steps to remove secretions:
- Put on gloves—clean or sterile, as appropriate.
- Test the suction by placing the catheter tip into a cup of water; you should see the water being drawn up.
- Insert the catheter/tip gently into the mouth (or tracheostomy if instructed), without applying suction yet.
- Activate the suction by covering the suction control (usually a hole on the catheter) while withdrawing the catheter in a slow, circular motion. Suctioning should not last more than 10-15 seconds at a time to avoid oxygen deprivation.
- Clear the tubing by suctioning a small amount of clean water after each use.
- Repeat if needed, allowing the person to rest and breathe between attempts.
4. Aftercare
- Turn off the suction machine when finished.
- Discard or properly clean the suction catheter as directed.
- Dispose of secretions and clean the collection canister according to recommendations.
- Wash your hands thoroughly once finished.
Practical Tips and Best Practices
Using a suction machine safely and effectively requires attention to technique and hygiene. Here are some expert tips for best results:
- Always stay calm and reassuring; suctioning can be uncomfortable or frightening.
- Monitor for signs of distress, such as coughing, gagging, cyanosis (bluish skin), or rapid heartbeat.
- Never apply suction while inserting the catheter—only while withdrawing.
- For tracheostomy care, use sterile technique to reduce infection risk.
- Label and date any reusable parts, and follow manufacturer guidelines for replacing filters, tubing, or canisters.
- Keep the machine within easy reach, especially at night or during emergencies.
- If thick secretions are present, consider having the person hydrate or use a humidifier, as advised by their healthcare provider.
- Record suctioning times and notes of any changes in secretions or breathing for healthcare visits.
Benefits of Using a Suction Machine
- Reduced Risk of Airway Blockage: Immediate removal of mucus or other fluids ensures a clearer, safer airway.
- Improved Comfort: Patients breathe more easily and comfortably post-suction.
- Infection Control: Proper removal of secretions can lower the risk of respiratory infections.
- Independence: Home suctioning enables people to manage their own or a loved one’s care.
- Emergency Readiness: Portable models provide peace of mind for caregivers and patients alike.
Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them
While suction machines are lifesavers, certain challenges can arise:
Blocked or Clogged Tubing
- Prevent by suctioning clean water through the tubing after each use.
Machine Malfunctions
- Regularly check battery levels and electrical connections.
- Keep backup supplies and a spare machine if possible.
Patient Discomfort
- Reassure and explain the procedure before starting.
- Use gentle technique and avoid prolonged suctioning.
Infection Risks
- Always use clean or sterile gloves and equipment.
- Follow strict handwashing and cleaning protocols.
Insufficient Suction
- Ensure the canister and tubing are securely connected.
- Check that the vacuum pressure is set appropriately.
Cleaning and Caring for Your Suction Machine
Proper care extends the life of your suction machine and keeps users safe from infection.
Daily Care
- Rinse the collection canister, tubing, and catheters with warm, soapy water after each use.
- Rinse again with clean water and allow to air dry.
Weekly Maintenance
- Disinfect reusable parts following manufacturer instructions, often by soaking in a medical-grade disinfectant.
- Check for wear, cracks, or discoloration; replace as needed.
When to Seek Medical Help
Suctioning is generally safe, but seek immediate medical advice if you notice:
- Persistent difficulty in suctioning
- Signs of respiratory distress that don’t improve
- Blood in the secretions (unless expected and not in excess)
- Signs of infection—fever, foul-smelling secretions, or redness/swelling around the tracheostomy site
- Changes in consciousness or unresponsiveness
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How often should I suction?
The frequency depends on the individual’s needs. Some may require suctioning several times a day, while others only occasionally. Suction whenever you hear noisy breathing, observe visible secretions, or notice difficulty breathing.
2. Does suctioning hurt?
Suctioning can feel uncomfortable and sometimes causes mild coughing or gagging. However, it should not be painful. If the person expresses pain or distress, stop immediately and consult a healthcare professional for guidance.
3. Can I reuse suction catheters and tubing?
Some suction catheters are meant to be single-use, while others can be reused after proper cleaning. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations from your healthcare provider regarding reuse and cleaning routines.
4. What should I do if secretions are thick and hard to remove?
If secretions are thick, try increasing the person’s fluid intake (if allowed), using a humidifier, or instilling a small amount of sterile saline before suctioning. Consult your healthcare provider before trying saline instillation or if the problem persists.
5. Is it safe to suction children or infants at home?
Yes, with the right equipment and instruction from professionals, suctioning can be safely performed on children and infants. Use lower suction pressures and smaller catheters. Always seek training and clarification from your child’s healthcare provider before attempting suctioning at home.
In Summary
Using a suction machine is a valuable skill for maintaining a safe, clear airway in those who cannot manage secretions independently. By following careful preparation, correct technique, and diligent aftercare, you can ensure effective and safe suctioning. Familiarize yourself with the equipment and don’t hesitate to contact healthcare professionals with any concerns. With practice and attention to best practices, suctioning can become a manageable and even empowering aspect of home healthcare.